A footnote to year share

A couple weeks ago I wrote a post about the year share component of calculating the day of the week. To calculate the day of the week, you need to add the day of the week, a constant for the month, and the year share. Calculating year share is not that hard, but it’s the hardest step to carry out in your head.

The year share of a date y is

⌊5y/4⌋ % 7

where y is the last two digits of a year. There’s no need to multiply by 5, since you could compute

(y + ⌊y/4⌋) % 7

but this still takes some effort if y is large.

The earlier post gave nine different ways to compute the year share, and the easiest in my opinion is method #6:

1. Round y down to the most recent leap year and remember how much you had to round down. Call that amount r.
2. Let t be the tens value and u the units value.
3. Return (2t − u/2 + r) % 7.

In symbols,

1. Let y‘ = 4 ⌊y/4⌋ and r = y − y‘.
2. Let t = ⌊y’/10⌋ and u = y‘ % 10.
3. Return (2t − u/2 + r) % 7.

This method has a longer description but is easier to carry out mentally as the following examples illustrate.

Examples

Let y = 97. Here are the calculations required by the direct method.

1. ⌊y/4⌋ = 24
2. 97 + 24 = 121
3. 121 % 7 = 2

Here are the calculations required by the second method.

1. y‘ = 96 and r = 1.
2. t = 9 and u = 6.
3. (2*9 − 3 + 1) % 7 = 2

The former requires adding two 2-digit numbers. The latter requires doubling a single digit number and subtracting another single digit number.

The former requires reducing a 3-digit number mod 7 and the latter requires reducing a 2-digit number mod 7. Furthermore, the 2-digit number is never more than 18.

Proof

To prove that the two methods are equivalent we have to prove

⌊5y/4⌋ ≡ 2t − u/2 + r mod 7

which is kinda messy. The way t, u, and r are defined prevent this from being a simple algebraic calculation.

We can verify that

⌊5y/4⌋ ≡ 2t − u/2 + r mod 7

for y = 0, 1, 2, … 19 by brute force then prove the rest by induction. We’ll show that if the congruence holds for y then it holds for y + 20.

Suppose you increase y by 20. Then ⌊5y/4⌋ increases by 25. The value of t increases by 2, and the values of u and r remain unchanged, so the right side increases by 4. Since 25 % 7 = 4, the congruence still holds.